Chapter 19: Blood
Overview of Blood
Learning Outcomes
- Describe the major components of blood.
- Describe the basic functions of blood.
- Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions, and where in the body they are produced.
Erythrocytes and Oxygen Transport
Learning Outcomes
- Describe the structure and function of erythrocytes.
- Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin, as well as its breakdown products.
- Explain the basic process of erythropoiesis and its regulation through erythropoietin.
- Describe the causes and symptoms of anemia.
Leukocytes and Immune Function
Learning Outcomes
- Compare and contrast the relative prevalence and morphological features of the five types of leukocytes.
- Describe the functions for each of the five major types of leukocytes.
- Discuss the difference in leukopoiesis of granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Platelets
Learning Outcomes
- Explain how platelets differ structurally from the other formed elements of blood.
- Discuss the role of the megakaryocyte in the formation of platelets.
Hemostasis
Learning Outcomes
- Distinguish between the terms hemostasis and coagulation.
- Describe the process of hemostasis, including the vascular phase, the formation of the platelet plug, and the formation of fibrin.
- Explain the differences between the intrinsic/contact activation and extrinsic/tissue factor clotting cascades.
- Describe the role of calcium ions and vitamin K in blood clotting.
- Explain how the positive feedback loops in the platelet and coagulation phases promote hemostasis.
- Discuss the process of thrombolysis.
Blood Typing and Matching
Learning Outcomes
- Explain the role of surface antigens on erythrocytes in determining blood groups.
- Describe the type of antigen and the type of antibodies present in each ABO and Rh blood type.
- Explain the differences between the development of anti-Rh antibodies and the development of anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
- Predict which blood types are compatible, and explain what happens when the incorrect ABO or Rh blood type is transfused.
- Explain why blood type O- is the universal donor and type AB+ is the universal recipient.
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Chapter Notes
Knowledge sheets
Notes
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Notes
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